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ÄorÄ‘e Petković:
РаÑи онамо и вамо …
Многим градовима у Кампанији давана Ñу грчка имена у намери да Ñе прикрије оригинално порекло не Ñамо имена градова, него и оних који Ñу их градили и живели у њима. За неколико градова Ñам открио оригинално порекло, а међу њима је и Ерколано ( грчки-Herculaneum), а оригинално и изворно име је РаÑина или РаÑена.
Први који је пиÑао о РаÑини (РаÑена) и прекрÑтио га у Херкуланум је Дионизије из ÐликарнаÑа или Дионизија (60.-7.) Био је иÑторичар и учитељ античке грчке реторике, који је живео током кнежевине ÐвгуÑта. Његов главни рад је ,,Ðнтика Рима”(Roma Antica).
Рођен у ÐликарнаÑу, након завршетка грађанÑких ратова провео је двадеÑет две године проучавајући латинÑки језик и књижевноÑÑ‚ и припремајући материјале за Ñвоју иÑторију. У овом периоду давао је поуке у реторици. Датум његове Ñмрти није познат, претпоÑтавља Ñе непоÑредно након 7-ме године пне, и објављивања књиге “Ðнтика Рима”.
Дакле ради Ñе о Грку који није могао да има директна Ñазнања о древном граду РаÑени пошто је у његово време цела Кампанија пала под окупацију Латина, а те злочиначке походе Ñу извршили Латини под командом Lucius Cornelius Sullе у периоду од од 90. до 82. пре ХриÑта . Тек у модерном периоду, када Ñу археолози кренули Ñа иÑкопавањем античког града Ерколана, дошло Ñе до многих Ñазнања, а тако и до оригиналног имена РаÑена (РеÑина) које је град ноÑио Ñве до Ñредњeг века, када Ñе још увек звао РаÑена или РеÑина, каÑније је поÑтао Ерколано, који је био биÑер ÐапуљÑког залива.
Оно што везује ова два народа оне Ñа проÑтора Кампаније и ове Ñа проÑтора Србије је идентично име „РаÑена“
Ова иÑторијÑка верзија, која долази директно од ДиониÑа ÐликарнаÑа, грчког иÑторичара и учитеља реторике из авгуÑтовÑког периода, наводи да је град лично оÑновао грчки херој, на крају деÑетог задатка којег је видио као протагониÑту. Према иÑторији, на Ñвом путу недуго прије повратка у Грчку, Ð¥ÐµÑ€ÐºÑƒÐ»ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¸ Ñе зауÑтавио дуж обале Кампаније да би нахранио волове, јер је земља коју је плавило ТиренÑко море била плодна; заправо Херкуланум је изграђен по грчкој шеми Ñличној оној у Ðапуљу ( и Ðапуљ Ñу изградили РаÑени), , налази Ñе на веома важном Ñтратешком положају, на потезу који Ñе Ñпушта на море, и када Ñу Латини(Римљани) оÑвојили регион, одмах Ñу били привучени шармом и лепотом овог древног малог града.
Дакле овако пише грчки иÑторичар о древном граду РаÑена, Ñвојатајући ХеркулеÑа и иÑторијÑке чињенице претвара у још једну „грчку митологију“.
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О РаÑини на енглеÑком језику:
The Rasina District (Serbian: РаÑинÑки округ / Rasinski okrug, is one of eight administrative districts of Å umadija and Western Serbia. It expands to the central parts of Serbia. According to the 2011 census results, it has a population of 241,999 inhabitants. The administrative center of the Rasina district is KruÅ¡evac.
The Rasina (Serbian: РаÑина) is a river in south central Serbia. The 92 km (57 mi) long river flows through the Rasina region, gives its name to the modern Rasina District of Serbia, and flows into the Zapadna Morava near the city of KruÅ¡evac.
The Temnić inscription is one of the oldest records of Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic script from … Bulgarian inscriptions • 11th century in Serbia • Medieval Christian inscriptions • Rasina District • Collections of the National Museum of Serbia …
The Temnić inscription (Serbian: Temnićki natpis/Темнићки натпиÑ) is one of the oldest records of Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic script from the territory of Serbia. The limestone plate was discovered in the vicinity of a school in the village of Gornji Katun, near Varvarin, in the region of Temnić in Pomoravlje. It was acquired by the National Museum of Serbia in 1909. The tablet represents a scientific conundrum as no other remains of an edifice were found and paleographic and linguistic analysis of the text reveals little information.
The inscription on the plate was skillfully engraved in uncial Cyrillic in seven rows. The short text contains the names of ten of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste: Xantius, Leontius, Melito, Severian, Philoctimon, Angius, Heraclius, Ecdicius, Cyrius, and a plea: “Pray for us!”
Founding of Resina (ОÑнивање РеÑине)
The first records of the existence of a village named Resina or Risìna
(Први запиÑи о поÑтојању меÑта по имену РеÑина или РиÑина)
Ercolano is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania of Southern Italy. It lies at the western foot of Mount Vesuvius, on the Bay of Naples, just southeast of the city of Naples. The medieval town of Resina – read Resìna – was built on the volcanic material left by the eruption of Vesuvius (79 CE) that destroyed the ancient city of Herculaneum, from which the present name is derived. Ercolano is a resort and the starting point for excursions to the excavations of Herculaneum and for the ascent of Vesuvius by bus. The town also manufactures leather goods, buttons, glass, and the wine known as Lacryma Christi (Tears of Christ).
According to legend, Herculaneum was founded by Hercules, who was returning from one of his Twelve Labours. Historically, it was most likely founded by the Oscans, an Italic tribe of the 8th century BC, and later became part of both the Etruscan and Samnite dominions. It was built according to the standard model of Hippodamus of Miletus with a grid of crossing Decumans and Cardos. The houses are elegant and large and there are public buildings that are abundant and large, compared to the small number of inhabitants (estimated to be 5,000).
In epoca medioevale era ancora chiamata Resina, successivamente divenne poi Ercolano, la perla del Golfo di Napoli. In antichità sopratutto i pescatori, su una cosa erano assolutamente tutti d’accordo: prima di navigare per una pesca “straordinariaâ€, bisognava organizzare assieme ai sacerdoti, un rito che invocasse la protezione divina di Nettuno, Venere ed Ercole, figura mitologica legata alla città . Ma perché proprio Ercole?
Questa versione storica, proveniente direttamente dagli scritti di Dionigi di Alicarnasso, storico greco e insegnante di retorica del periodo augusteo, narra che la città sarebbe stata fondata dal forzuto eroe greco in persona, al termine della sua decima fatica che lo aveva visto protagonista nel sottrarre a Gerione, un re crudele e dall’aspetto terrificante (dotato di tre teste e sei braccia – ndr), le sue mandrie di buoi. Secondo la storia, Ercole nel suo viaggio di ritorno poco prima del rientro in Grecia, si sarebbe fermato lungo le coste campane per far pascolare i buoi, in quanto le terre bagnate dal Mar Tirreno erano proverbialmente molto fertili; infatti Ercolano, edificata seguendo un coltissimo schema greco simile a quello di Neapolis, si trova proprio in un punto altamente strategico, su di uno sperone che discende a picco sul mare e quando i Romani conquistarono la regione si sentirono subito attratti dal fascino e dalla bellezza di questa antica e piccola città .
Dionigi d’Alicarnasso, o Dionisio (60 a.C. circa – 7 a.C.), è stato uno storico e insegnante di retorica greco antico, vissuto durante il principato di Augusto. La sua opera principale è Antichità romane.
The main business of the inhabitants of Resina were: agriculture, fishing (also corals, together with the inhabitants of Torre del Greco), and cut and carving the volcanic stone. In the 16th century the worship for the Madonna di Pugliano, venerated in the church of Santa Maria a Pugliano, was so spread that numerous pilgrims flooded from all the surrounding areas and in 1574 the church is first mentioned as Basilica pontificia; two years later became the parish church of Resina, also including the neighbour Portici until 1627.
IN 1631 Mt. Vesuvius violently erupted after a long era of quiescence destroying the area all around, killing more than 4.000 people and altering the geography of the places. It was the second most devastating eruption of Mt. Vesuvius ever, after the one that destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum in AD 79. The territory of Resina was struck by two legs of lava that split behind the hill of Pugliano and spared the houses of the village; one of the legs filled the valley on the western side of it and when it solidified the village grew on the new plain and the large via Pugliano was built heading straight to the basilica on the top of the hill.
After the eruption of AD 79 the area was slowly re-populated and in AD 121 the old coast road from Naples to Nocera was probably in place. In the Basilica di Santa Maria a Pugliano are two early Christian marble sarcophagi from the 2nd and 4th centuries AD which give evidence of habitation on the site of the buried Herculaneum.
Unfortunately there are no historical records covering the period between the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the year 1000, but it is certain that the coast near Mount Vesuvius would have been exposed to frequent wars as a result of the peoples and armies invading the Empire. The first records of the existence of a village named Resina or Risìna, (… de alio latere est ribum de Risina… ; … de alio capite parte meridiana est resina …, etc.), are from the 10th century.
The etymology of the name is controversial. Some academics believe that it comes from a corruption of Rectina, the name of the Roman noblewoman from Herculaneum who asked Pliny The Elder for help during the eruption in AD 79. Other explanations are that the name could come from the Latin word raetincula, meaning the nets used by the fishermen of Herculaneum, or from the resin of trees grown on the ancient lava, or from the name of the river that flowed alongside Herculaneum. Finally some suggest that the name is the anagram of sirena (siren): a siren was the symbol of the village and the town of Resina until 1969.
In February 05 of AD 62, the resort city suffered heavy damage from violent earthquakes and restoration projects were still ongoing at that time. This was cut short however, on August 24 of AD 79, when Vesuvius violently erupted and completely buried the small city under thick layers of hot volcanic debris. Unlike neighboring Pompeii, which was buried under pumice and fine ash, the citizens of Herculaneum died of severe thermal shock from successions of superheated pyroclastic surges and lava flows.
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